Basic Aircraft Review

The chordline of an airfoil is an infinitely long, straight line which passes through its leading and trailing edges. Chord is a measure of the width of an airfoil. It is measured along the chordline and is the distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge. Chord will typically vary from the wingtip to the wing root. The root chord is the chord at the wing centerline and the tip chord  is measured at the wingtip. The average chord is the average of every chord from the wing root to the wingtip.
Wing area is the apparent surface area of a wing from wingtip to wingtip. More precisely, it is the area within the outline of a wing in the plane of its chord, including that area within the fuselage, hull or nacelles.
Taper is the reduction in the chord of an airfoil from root to tip.Assuming the wing to have straight leading and trailing edges, taper ratio (λ) is the ratio of the tip chord to the root chord.
Sweep angle  is the angle between the lateral axis and a line drawn 25% aft of the leading edge.
Aspect ratio is the ratio of the wingspan to the average chord. An aircraft with a high aspect ratio (35:1), such as a glider, would have a long, slender wing. A low aspect ratio (3:1) indicates a short, stubby wing, such as on a high performance jet.
Wing loading is the ratio of an airplane’s weight to the surface area of its wings. There tends to be an inverse relationship between aspect ratio and wing loading. Gliders have high aspect ratios and low wing loading. Fighters with low aspect ratios maneuver at high g-loads and are designed with high wing loading. The wing loading formula is:
The angle of incidence of a wing is the angle between the airplane’s longitudinal axis and the chordline of the wing.
Dihedral angle is the angle between the spanwise inclination of the wing and the lateral axis. More simply, it is the upward slope of the wing when viewed from the front. A negative dihedral angle is called an anhedral angle.